HUMANITIES 1

HUMANITIES 1

Humanities – Pertaining to human being
ART – SOCIETY – INDIVIDUAL
ART: Aesthetics – Beauty AND Substance – meaning
Art was born with man; Art is a gift. Art began as early as the beginning of man.

VISUAL ARTS – Art pertaining to the sight
PAINTING – application of pigment on a surface (2 dimensional)
SCULPTURE – addition or subtraction of materials on a 3-dimensional medium
GRAPHIC ARTS – uses graphs; perfect, accurate, uses lines, clear
Properties: produced with the help of a machine (Tell-tale)
SILK-SCREEN ARTS – T-shirt printing
PRINTMAKING

Indiana Jones was an anthropologist (afraid of snakes…whips and hats)

ARCHITECTURE
MUSIC – Aural/Audio Art
TRADITIONAL ARTS – cultural practices, passed from one generation to another


WORLD ART

Pre-history (???)

Altamira Cave, Spain
• Young Boy Shouting “Bulls” (discovery)
• Paintings of animals all over the walls (24000 BC)
• Sir Ed’s Theory: The caveman was inspired after what he did to the girl 

The paintings in Altamira Cave were degraded due to human exhausts

Primary Evidence – First hand account
Secondary Evidence – Evidence to prove another evidence

Caves in Islas de Higantes (Isle of the Giants) – “Harpa Cave” Harp-like stalactites











ARTISTS

Artist of the Millennium – Picasso (25 mistresses, exploiter of women, “son of a bitch”)
Highest – selling work sold in auction ($120 m)

Da Vinci – Renaissance; brought to court and accused of homosexuality, & eventually acquitted
He belong to the top 3 greatest artists in the world
He was not married (died 90 years old, single)

Caravaggio – Renaissance, Baroque Artist (Rome); close to Michelangelo
He was a murderer and was murdered. He was the favorite artist of Vatican.
His works can be found in the “1st room” in Vatican

Benvenuto Cellini – very controversial artist; most hated and admired in Florence
Murderer, Rapist, Sodomy (Anal Sex); joined the army; wrote his autobiography
One day, his enemies went after him…he was cornered.
Classic story…letter in his pocket…from the pope…”he was forgiven”
Later he was imprisoned again (4 yrs)…a letter came…from the King of France (Francis 1)

Louvre Museum – home of the most famous artworks; never allowed “filming” except the DaVinci Code.

Lang2x – Chinese pianist; prodigy

ARTIST
1. Creativity – can create something out of nothing
2. Originality
3. Imagination
4. Sensitivity – they can feel more
5. Skill

Ouido – Music, playing by ears

Draftsmen are not artists (“does not” possess 1-4 above)

Florence – most artistic city “inch per inch”

Mona Lisa – found in the Louvre Museum

“Great character has nothing to do with great art”

Purpose of learning Art: Art makes the world a wonderful place to live in.

Lascaux (“Laco”) – Cave in France; the paintings were threatened by bacteria/microbes

Mel Brooks – genius comedian; “History of the World”

Sir Ed touched a sculpture of Michelangelo in Florence, Italy.
Sir Ed: The most effective way to learn is to make learning a part of your experience.
PRE – HISTORIC ART

Altamira Cave Art 16000 – 9000 BC: “Bison”

Lascaux Cave Art in Dordogne, France:
“Bisons” 17000 – 15000 BC “Stags & Reindeers”
“Swimming Stags” “First Bull, Red & Brown Horses”
“Five Horses & Cow”
“Horse” (ancestor of the zebra because of stripes, tale of a cow, big stomach)

Standard Format: Name, Medium, Date, Size, Present Location (museum), Place (city, country)

Venus of Willendorf (a place in Austria; fertility goddess), Oolitic Limestone, 24 – 22K BC, 11.1 cm,
Naturhistorisches Museum, Vienna, Austria

Stonehenge (2750-1300 BC) – Megaliths & earth markings; D: 97”; Salisbury Plain, Wiltshire, England


EGYPTIAN ART

2000 BC – Egyptian Rise

The Egyptians first formalized art. Today, it’s already the 6th Millennia in Egypt.

Sculptures - to portray their pharaohs; sculptures are FUNCTIONAL.
Paintings - serve as documentaries
Papyrus - wheat (in swamps) turned into paper

Hieroglyphs - system of writing
Rosetta stone – “Bulletin board”; the basis of the third block is the old Greek language (understandable)

Temple of Ramses II – Inspiration to Mt. Rushmore. Limestone. 1270 BC. Abu Simbel, Nubia.

Nefertari’s Temple of Hathor (goddess)
“She for whom the sun does shine.” After Nefertari’s death, Ramses became a broken man.
Covered by sand for centuries, and was discovered by a circus man who was also an anthropologist.

Twin Temples of Abu Simbel: Temple of Ramses II & Nefertari’s Temple of Hathor

The Temple of Ramses II served as “propaganda.” It was built in the bank of Lake Nasser, which was a major trade route then. The secret of the temple: It was reconstructed thru modern tech 30 years ago.

Luxor Temple - Statues of Ramses
Relief sculptures at Karnak Temple

Style refers to the personality of the artwork.

Unique characteristic of Egyptian Art: In silhouette position, but the eyes are frontal
EGYPTIAN ART…

Relief Sculptures are attached to a background (e.g. relief sculptures in Miag-ao Church, UNESCO WHS)
In the Round Sculptures are three-dimensional

Battle of Kadesh - the most detailed account among all battles in Ancient History; won by Ramses II.
Ramses II was the only known king in Ancient Egypt. Romans were the biggest invaders of ancient Egypt.

“A Pharaoh receives the crown of Lower and Upper Egypt” Kom Ombo Temple, Egypt
“The Pharaoh Khafre” Diorite 2500 BC
“Golden Effigy of the Pharaoh Tutankhamen” Egyptian Museum, Cairo, Egypt

King Tut was an insignificant king, but his tomb treasures are remarkable; discovered by a British Anthropologist; unrobed for centuries.

“Obelisk of Ramses II” Luxor Temple; red granite (1300 - 1200 BC); carved w/ the pharaoh’s good deeds
“Obelisk of Queen Hatshepsut” - largest obelisk; brought to the Plaza of Paris in France
There was a sarcophagus beside Hatshepsut’s (her lover (?))

The tallest obelisk can be found in Washington D.C.

“The High Priest Ai Administering a Ritual to the Pharaoh Tutankhamen”

Some scholars suggest that Tut was murdered by Ai because Ai married the widow of Tut. Ai became pharaoh (unofficially), but was later removed from history. Some suggest that he fell from his chariot.

“The Queen (Nefertari) Offering Vases to the goddess Hathor”

Pyramids of Menkaure’s three queens; Great pyramid of Khufu & the Sphinx (Khafre)


GREEK ART

Classical – tested by time; passed by time

Started: 7th Century BC
Peak: 6th Century BC
Decline: 5th Century BC

Education – Agora (Market) – Question & Answer – Started Philosophy, Hippocratic Oath
Olympics – originally a religious event, track & field, only men participate, athletes are nude
Marathon – the Battle of Marathon; Democracy – elections
Literature (Homer’s Iliad & Odyssey) – oral literature; A great war (10 years) was created by a “bigatot”
Helen (a thousand ships were sent to get her back), Hector, Achilles (demi-god); Ulysses & Poseidon

Marble streets in Ithaca…

Greek Architecture – perfect balance


GREEK ART…

Sir Ed: Beauty is Relative
Greece – beautiful women (mixture of so many bloods); most beautiful policewoman
Sir Ed (sophomore representative) started the sports fest in UPV; softball catcher; “Redbolts” – union of the bolt; screw and tornillo; Sir’s uniform number: 1,033,430

Acropolis – seat of the political & social life in 6th century Greece; highest peak; lights & sounds
Propylaia – entrance to the Acropolis
Parthenon – marble; the century BC; sculpture of Zeus on the top (wrist area remaining)
• Gigantic statue of Athena by Phidias (holding a 6 ft warrior)

Lord Elgin – thief (British); stole sculptures (British Museum)

The Erectheon (Temple for Athena); marble, 5th century BC, Acropolis
• The Caryatids – sculptures of maidens serving as columns
• A Roman emperor built some beside his swimming pool

Theater of Dionysius – 1st theater, 5th century BC, Acropolis
• Dionysius is the god of wine, fertility, “god ng mga bawal”
• Oedipus Rex was 1st staged here
• Feast of Dionysius – rituals, fertility rites…etc; during full moons, boys will hide themselves in the forest…girls will go after them…make love.
• Can seat 20,000 spectators
• Sir Ed performed Shakespeare

Pericles – 1st democratic leader (elected) of ancient Greece

“Media” - a play; revenge of a woman/witch…Jason (Golden Fleece) left Media…she killed their children.

Greek Sculptures
The Greeks were the first humanists; appreciation of the human body; 10 - Perfect number

“Kourus” ca. 540 BC, marble, 7’2, National Archaeological Museum; stiff/no personality
“Kore” - woman, with clothes
“The Ephebe of Antikythera” - athlete, holding a ball
“Doryphoras” by Polykleitos; 7 head proportion, Roman Copy
• When Roman invaded Greece, some sculptures were lost
“Venus of Milo” by Praxiteles; found in a place called Milo, 2nd Century BC, Marble, Louvre Museum
“Zeus (or) Poseidon” - found under the sea (stolen by Romans), bronze, National Museum, Greece
“Winged Victory of Samothrace” – Louvre (front piece); no head, maybe sold
“Young Men Leading Oxen for Sacrifice” & “Horsemen” – marble sculptures in Acropolis
“Poseidon, Apollo, Artemis” – communal bath (Greek habit); Bas-relief from the east frieze of Parthenon; Marble; 440 B.C., Athens, the Acropolis Museum
GREEK ART…

Fresco – pigment + wet plaster (cement-like material); painted on walls

“Thera” – fresco of boxing children, Athens, 1500 BC

Penthesilea (Painter) – “Pyxis” (cosmetic box), Judgment of Paris (Iliad), terracotta, painted religious images; http://www.flickr.com/photos/ggnyc/3163733655/

Island of Achilles – marble streets

Sir Ed: Lobsters from the caves…very good.


ROMAN ART

…

Ruins of Pompeii (79 AD); Mt Vesuvius; the lava protected the houses
Pompeii also had “the Forum” (JM Basa & Calle Real); sophisticated society; complex urban planning; also had roads for prostitutes, livestock, etc.; roads paved with stones

Prostitute – art for advertisements (paintings of the prostitutes’ abilities; Museum of Naples)

Transport system; bulleting board; thoroughfares

In Pompeii, Italian schoolgirls made fun of Sir Ed…

House of the Faun in Pompeii

House of the Vettii – restored; paintings on the wall (nude; religious; Hercules)

The Bacchic Mysteries – Villa of the Mysteries, Pompeii; huge nude paintings on the living room (wall)

Columns – deeds of the emperor; equivalent of the obelisk
The Column of Marcus Aurelius; marble
The Column of Trajan; marble; relief sculptures (Trajan’s expedition over Dacians)

“The Gladiator” – (Film) Marcus Aurelius was the emperor (greatest library, poet, and writer)

The Claudian Aqueduct – conduits that supplied water to Ancient Rome

Rome – built on seven hills according to legend

Apian Way – system of roads constructed during the time of Julius Caesar (as far as China); lover’s lane

Italians are like Filipinos (close family ties)

Small Theater in Pompeii (70 - 79 AD)
The Large Theatre of Pompeii – can hold up to 5,000 people
The Amphitheater of Pompeii – can hold up to 20,000 people

The City of Herculaneum - tourist attraction

Mosaic – small stones called “tesserae”

Mosaic of Marine Life Discovery in Pompeii

Sculptures
“Sabina, Wife of Emperor Hadrian” dresses as Ceres
“The Badminton Sarcophagus” – located in a place called badminton

Fountain of Trevi – designed by Nicholas Salvi; Neptune
The barber disliked the fountain…; two coins (kissed), three (marry)

Roman Forum – center of political and social life; people love to sue






























ROMANESQUE ART – “Like the Romans” (applications more on architecture)

Notre Dame Cathedral of Paris – arches; three Notre Dames; there is a river crossing in the middle
Opera House of Paris…Louvre

WWII…a German general didn’t obey Hitler

Siena Cathedral – 1200 AD; sculptures all over made of marble; Sienna, Italy

St. Maria Novella – Florence, Italy; very Romanesque (sturdy & mahaba); white & green marble

Cathedral of Pisa – ca. 1062-1271; Pisa, Italy; greatest treasure of Pisa; cathedral complex

Sir Ed went to the Leaning Tower of Pisa accidentally…because of domestics they’ve met there…Sir Ed went to Italy to see the Cathedral of Milan & “The Last Supper” by Da Vinci.

Leaning Tower of Pisa – the belfry (1174-1271); Romanesque style (domes)


BYZANTINE ART

Emperor Constantine; Byzas (Eastern Capital) extended as far as the Middle East, Russia, and Balkans
Constantinople – Istanbul; the crusade led by King Richard the Lionhearted to recover Istanbul
Greatest Conflict – Christians vs. Muslims

Church of San Joaquin (Iloilo) – Relief Sculptures about the Battle of Tetuan (Christians vs. Moors)

Characteristic of Byzantine Art: Christian + Islamic Art (Fusion)

Hagia Sophia – 532-537 AD, Istanbul; originally a church; museum at the present time; probably the 2nd biggest church in the world

“Mosaic of the Virgin and Child in the Apse” – made of naturally colored stones

Most emperors have their portraits beside holy ones (to be forgiven (?))

The Church of San Vitale – Ravenna, Italy; full of mosaic; symbol of Byzantine Art; where the “Theodora (wife of a Roman emperor) and Attendants” mosaic (tesserae) can be found
St Basil’s Cathedral – Red Square, Moscow; minarets of Muslim Architecture; easier to bring children to mass because it’s like Disneyland
Church of Our Savior on Spilled Blood – St. Petersburg, Russia; like candies (Hansel & Gretel)
The Basilica of San Marco – Venice, Italy; Muslim minarets and domes; full of mosaic inch per inch; because of so many tourists, the church can hardly perform functions anymore; the most beautiful mosaic can be found on top of the priest

Mass in Italian was very sincere “peace”…where Sir Ed kissed so many girls 
BYZANTINE ART…

Byzantine Art reached Venice because Venice was once a naval power. Venice traded with Istanbul.

Venice was a man-made island; 2nd to Rome in terms of tourists with no off season (90% of the people are tourists)…remarkable place…pedestrian city…millions of pigeons…loved ones on a gondola…travel by boat…water bus, water taxi…gondola (Japanese people)…maya balay (bird)…water city

A canal near the Basilica of San Marco has many2x artists.


MEDIEVAL ART

Up to the 16th Century AD

Medieval Man - “Buki” (like people in Mina (Sir Ed)); Medieval was a static period

Medieval was actually “romantic” (not just man-woman, but also includes fighting for one’s country, etc.
• Knights, Robin Hood

Geneva Switzerland – where Sir Ed saw a giant sword in a museum

Sir Ed would choose to live in the Medieval period as a Jester (near the queen’s room)…and never in Ancient Greece because there are so many gays.

It is called the dark ages because of civil wars…conflicts…everything suffers (people, economy, etc.). It is also referred to as a “static period.”

Nicola Pisano, “Pulpit” (where the priest stood) in the Cathedral of Pisa (very big)

“North Rose Window” of the Chartres Cathedral; stained glass; Chartres, France

In the old days, circular stained glass windows were called “rose windows”

“Tree of Jesse” – (Jesus Christ) stained glass; Church of St. Dennis

“The Crucifixion” – stained glass window; Poitiers Cathedral, Poitiers, France

Castles were very popular during the Middle Ages.
Castles have small windows for defense purposes; surrounded by artificial bodies of water called moat.

The Loarre Castle, Aragon (home to so many kings and queens), Spain

Romanesque Arches…sturdy…expand sideways…

Sir Ed: People in Spain are war freaks.


MEDIEVAL ART…

La Chateau de Nyon – Nyon (in Geneva), Switzerland
• Sir Ed was able to stay here because of his cousin who works in Nyon
• Nyon started as a comp of Julius Caesar
• A chateau is a small castle

Amazing facts about Switzerland: no blowing of horns (unless emergency)…there is a practice that no one should flush of toilet after 10 pm…classical entertainment…people are so civilized (maybe because it is where the UN headquarters can be found)…very precise in terms of time…almost subsidized everything…encouraged population growth…very strict…police state…very disciplined…people first


GOTHIC ART

Gothic Architecture – pointed, tall towers

Chartres Cathedral – beginning of Gothic Art; begun 1145, burned 1194, rebuilt 1205-1220; found in Chartres, France

Molo Church – an example of Gothic Church; Rizal went there to see the paintings on the ceiling
Iglesia Ni Cristo Churches – Gothic style

The Rouen Cathedral – Rouen, Normandy, France; pointed spines, popular during the impressionist era
• stained glass windows; Sir Ed incorporated in his digital arts

Notre Dame Cathedral – Amiens, France; full of sculptures of saints on its façade

“Saint Dennis Abbey Rose Window”
“Our Lady of the Beautiful Rose Window” – Chartres Cathedral; the only one that was saved when the cathedral was burned; miraculous

The Milan Cathedral – made of marble; perhaps the most beautiful cathedral in the world
• The Virgin Mary on top was believed to me made of gold (not cupper); called “The Little Virgin”
• Stained glass windows, huge columns, so many chapels (church with in a church)

Milan – Fashion capital of the world, where most designers come from; industrial capital of Italy

Milan Cathedral Square
• Where so many domestics go
• Filipino newspapers can be bought in the Milan Cathedral Square
• There are so many pigeons (in fact, they have heaters for pigeons)